Background :
The diagnosis of hyperferritinaemia related to FTL variants (Exon 1, IRE 5’ loop) is probably underdiagnosed. The aim of this study is to propose Glycosylated Ferritin (GlcFe) as a biochemical marker to aid in the diagnosis of unexplained hyperferritinaemia without iron overload.
Method:
Retrospective, observational, unicentric study since 2010 in a population of patients with hyperferritinaemia in whom GlcFe was measured by electrochemiluminescence after separation by ConcavalinA, compared with the clinico-biological and genetic diagnosis.
Results:
164 patients were included. In 21 Exon 1 patients, mean GlcFe was 98.9%±0.5 with mean total ferritin was 3811µg/l±3269. Mean GlcFe was 61.9%±7.4 in 25 IRE 5’ loop patients with mean total ferritin was 1400µg/l ±772. In 73 patients with metabolic hepatosiderosis, mean GlcFe was 81.6%6±7.1 with mean total ferritin was 713µg/l±251. While reference values of GlcFe (67-88%) have been established for a healthy population (n=236), we also analysed 45 asymptomatic "control" patients with hyperferritinaemia and normal CRP in whom the mean GlcFe was 84.1%±4.7, and mean total ferritin was 457µg/L±180. We observed that 100% of patients diagnosed with an Exon 1 mutation had a GlcFe greater than 97%, while ferritin glycosylation was below 68% for 90% of patients diagnosed with IRE 5' loop mutation.
Conclusion:
The use of glycosylated ferritin would be a a simple and inexpensive first line biochemical test for the diagnosis of hyperferritinemia. A value greater than 97% or lower than 68%, this marker would suggest FTL sequencing with a high sensitivity and specificity.